Human Performance Technology:
the study and ethical practice of improving productivity in organizations by designing and developing effective interventions that are result-oriented, comprehensive and systemic. (Handbook of Human Performance Technology, James A. Pershing)
Gränsfors make one the finest forged axes in the world. It has become more than just an axe. It is an icon for quality and a belief that there is another way of making things. But how did they come to this position and how did the believe in their values helped them to become the Rolls Royce maker of Axes.
I have their axes and these are tools you want to invest in. Not only it is a great tool, more than that by buying an axe you share the values and beliefs of the team that made them. Let the CEO explain it himself.
Here is some view of the place where I live. The most complicated story even getting more complicated. This is what happens when the logic takes over and looses “Common Sense”. What happens when the system becomes so difficult to understand that nobody tries to understand it anymore? I studied Law, live in the place for more than half of my life and read newspapers, and I lost it. Dear Bart and Elio, stop forcing something the world gave up already. Just let it go. Hope this video will help you understand. If so call me… Enjoy
Did You Know? started a world – wide discussion. At the moment it knows its 4.0 version as you could read in my previous post. But I felt the need to give somewhat more background and resources for you to help continue the discussion. We use the discussion in our Strategic Sales Management Program when we reflect upon Vision, and Strategic Planning.
Did You Know? is intended to be a conversation starter. As you use the presentation with various audiences, leave plenty of time at the end for questions and discussion. Questions such as the following are good ways to start conversation:
What are your initial reactions to what you saw in the presentation?
How are these changes manifesting themselves in your personal lives? Professional lives?
What do we think it means to prepare students for the 21st century? What skills do students need to survive and thrive in this new era?
What implications does this have for our current way of doing things?
Do we need to change? If so, how?
How do we get from here to there?
What challenges must we overcome as we move forward?
What supports will we need as we move forward?
What kind of training will we need to move forward?
What kind of commitments will we need to make (with each other, our students, and our community) to move forward?
Who’s scared? Why?
What will we do next? What are some concrete actions that we can take in the near future?
Is it possible for a teacher to be an excellent teacher if he/she does not use technology?
This is an amazing story of a simple presentation that became a world-wide discussion. “Did You Know?” started originally out as a PowerPoint presentation for a faculty meeting in August 2006 at Arapahoe High School in Centennial, Colorado, United States. The presentation “went viral” on the Web in February 2007 and, as of June 2007, had been seen by at least 5 million online viewers. Today the old and new versions of the online presentation have been seen by at least 20 million people, not including the countless others who have seen it at conferences, workshops, training institutes, and other venues.
Some questions for your thinking:
What skills do you want to teach your kids?
What and how many languages does your kid speak?
How will this impact your professional life?
How are you preparing to coop with these changes?
How is your organization adapting to these changes?
Organizations suffering from “learned helplessness” are in a state of immobility. They seem to be unable to get into action and change the situation they are in. And this is not helping them in difficult situations such as the current economic downturn. Big and well known corporations that seem to have passed the test of time can fall in this situation leading them to bankruptcy. The last year we saw big names, like Lehman Brother go under. The more you recognise the symptoms causing this “learned helplessness”, the better it can be cured. And simple interventions can have a huge impact.
“Learned Helplessness” was defined by Martin Seligman, an American psychologist and founder of positive psychology movement.
It is a psychological state where people feel powerless to change their self or situation. This primarily caused when people attribute negative things in life to internal, stable and global factors. Essentially, it means that persons feel as if change is not possible, since there is a pervasive and unchangeable personal problem.
“We like this training very much but, things will never change over here.” How many times did I hear this one-liner that kills it all, when helping teams on teambuilding interventions? And I have a hard time not feeling depressed when hearing that.
Burn out is common by IT employees who staff IT helpdesks. The simple fact that there is a helpdesk just one call away, make employees helpless for all their computer worries. They would call even the helpdesk for turning on the computer in the morning, you never know…
Leadership coaching, teambuilding or even creativity training make no sense when indeed people need to return to a system that puts them in this learned helplessness. As Trevor Cook writes in his blog:
“Bringing out Americans to teach you to be optimistic won’t matter a jot if your work situation is crap and if you can’t change it and you’re stuck there for life. That’s enough to depress anyone and no amount of fancy psychologising is going to change that.”
The system needs to change. This change needs to be done by the people that can change the system. But therefore they need to understand what could make the systems helpless.
In extreme cases helplessness can lead to suicide. France Telecom knows already 28 suicides cases since February this year with major reason “the bad work situation”. It is sure that behavioural training will not work to solve this.
The main reasons for helplessness are:
Attribution style
What is the attribution style in the organization? Internal blaming is seen as one of the reasons for learned helplessness. “It’s me.” How much blaming is been done. Deficit language is negative for the morale and could be very threatening. Is there a “half empty bottle” communication or a “half full bottle” communication practised? Every reality can be seen from a negative or a positive stance. How does your organization does look upon reality?
Perception of control and predictability of the future
It is also called “global distortion.” “It will affect everything I do.” How do co-workers perceive having control over the changes that happen to them. Is there a top down directive style of communication in the organization? Or is communication based on consensus where co-workers are really heard? What is done with feedback coming from the work floor? Do co-workers see real change happening when they advise? And if nothing is done with their advice, is that then also communicated to them?
Stability generalization
“It will last forever.” Co-workers see changes as undetermined in time. They loose completely track of right perspectives. And a small move of the office becomes a major upset. Even a new telephone system can lead people in depression and make them going on sick leave.
Motivational climate
How are co-workers motivated? What happens when people make mistakes? Am I allowed to ask for help when I encounter difficulties in my job or career? Is there help organized by the Learning and Development Department? What is the learning culture in your organization? Do you learn continually or is learning inhibited? Is coaching offered to repair weaknesses or to develop strenghts?
Answers to the problem lie in the positive psychology.
Positive psychology is a movement started by people like Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers and Erich From. It studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. More recently researchers like Martin Seligman, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi have done work in that field.
Positive psychology focuses around Positive experiences and positive future. More recent approaches can be found in Appreciative Inquiry and Solution Focussed Coaching.
Positive Experiences
Mindfulness
This approach is a mix of western and eastern knowledge. It is defined as actively searching for novelty. It is characterised as non-judging, non-striving, and accepting. Its benefits include reduction of stress, anxiety, depression and chronic pain.
People accepting changes are more willing to move forward to the change. But it needs facilitation and communication to help everybody through the change cycle. Mindfulness training can be a good help in this. But Meditation and other eastern practices are still seen as odd in our western organisations. In China and Japan it is not uncommon to see groups practice Tai chi or other meditative practices together on the work floor. People that are “well-centred” can coop better with external stressful contexts.
Flow
Flow as defined by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, is a state of absorption in one’s work characterised by intense concentration, loss of self awareness, a feeling of control, and a sense of “time is flying”. Flow is an intrinsically rewarding experience and it can also help one achieve a goal or improve skills.
How many of you experience flow at work? And what can you do in your current work environment in order to make flow happen? In our Western organizations there is not much focus on the fact whether employees are having fun in what they do and whether they experience a state of flow. And yet motivation and employee engagement are main issues in organizations.
Positive futures
Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy is one’s belief in one’s ability to accomplish a task by one’s own efforts. High self-efficacy has positive effects on one’s general well being and also the physical well being.
In what extend can your co-workers find themselves the answers to their problems? Is it worth changing the IT help line in an on-line problem solving system? Why not organize an intranet forum system where co-workers can help each other on their IT problems.
Does your organization stimulates self-efficacy or does it take away the self efficacy of your co-workers? Are employees listened at when they come with solutions for their problems? My experience is that employees are best placed to solve their work related problems. Are they empowered to do so?
Learned optimism
Learned optimism is the habit of attributing one’s failures to causes that are external (not personal), variable (not permanent), and specific (limited to a specific situation). This explanatory style is associated with better performances, greater satisfaction in interpersonal relationships, better coping and less vulnerability to depression.
One big example of this is the model of Timothy Galloway, The inner game of tennis. In his coaching he helps tennis players to focus on the ball and the racket. This helps them to exclude their inner dialogue that undermines their performances. What is the inner dialogue of your organization?
Hope
Hope is a learned style of goal-directed thinking in which the person utilizes both pathways thinking (the perceived capacity to find routes to desired goals) and agency thinking (the requisite motivations to use those routes).
The best examples where this is practised is in Appreciative Inquiry and Solution Focussed Coaching. The simpliest form is done with the “Wonder question”. How would you dream your ideal workenvironment?
We helped many groups and teams from a so called “learned helplessness” to a “learned optimism”. It does not take long and the effects are enormous. And it helps organizations to move through difficult moments of change.
Some questions to summarize our thinking:
How much fun do you experience in your workplace?
How many times a day do you experience “flow” when doing your job?
How proud are you to be part of your organization?
It has been said that dogs are chosen by their owners. And after a while the owners start to look like their dog. Having a puppy means spending a lot of time on its training. But without you realizing it, the dog also trains you. Some owners don’t get along with their dog and need help. This help is given by Cesar Milan, the dog whisperer. It is amazing to see how quickly a dog responds to different behaviour. As a proud dog owner, I have read many books about dog training. But in my view, Cesar’s approach stands out. He is a great teacher even for non dog owners.
The principles of handling dogs, which Cesar explains are also very valid for Leadership. I do not want to compare people with dogs, nor do I want to compare teams or organizations with pack dogs, but there are some commonalities. No wonder that a dog is man’s best friend.
Calm Assertiveness
In dog training the master should always remain calm. The emotions of the master are adopted by the dog. If the master is unsure and nervous, the dog will become unsure and nervous. If the master is calm, the dog will remain calm. The dog synchronizes with the mental and emotional state of the master. He mirrors the masters’ behaviour.
Equally teams are copying the behaviour and attitude of their leader. If the leader is suspicious and not trusting his people, the team will have a hard time with trust. Self discipline is an important virtue of a great leader.
Dogs only understand clear signals or orders. Ambiguous messages are not understood. Sit is sit and down is down. Many organizations and teams lack clear instructions. This brings these teams in a vacuum of dilemma’s and frustration. Leaders need to lead with clear messages.
Exercise, Discipline and Affection
First, there is exercise. If your dog lies in his basket all day, he will be an energy bomb. He needs to release this energy by exercising. Humans are the same. The worst thing you can do with a battalion of Para troopers is to let them wait. In the end they will start killing each other. Running is the easiest way of releasing energy. Dogs need a daily walk, and we need that too.
Dogs need discipline. When there is no discipline, the dog will feel stressed by the absence of clear rules. This will end causing aggression by the dog. Clear and consequent application of rules is the answer to this. When I do projects in organizations, I see many leaders shy away from discipline. There are no clear rules, or the rules are not applied. Leaders are afraid to give corrective feedback in the form of “I messages” when unacceptable behaviour is exposed.
When the crowd is well exercised, when there is a lot of work and there is discipline, the crowd will be happy. That crowd has also time for affection. A dog without affection will slow down, get sick and eventually die.
We are not different. Even in the best performing team there needs to be an appreciative way of relating between the team members. When there is no appreciation, the team will disintegrate. Leaders should set the example of showing this appreciation. I get often reaction of leaders being afraid that they will look weak, when showing too much appreciation.
Dogs forgive very quickly
Dogs do not get stuck in emotional hick ups. They get the message, adapt and go on. People are different. People can get stuck in emotional ballast from years ago. This emotional ballast hinders them to engage in new contacts.
Leaders learned the discipline to engage in a contact with a new and fresh look. They will not get stuck in the emotional past.
Dogs move on
Yes, shit happens. Sometimes my dog gets into a fight that ends up being rough. But when they are taken apart, they will move on. They will not come back after twenty years blaming that beagle that bit him that other day. Also when a dog gets a tough correction, he will accept it and move on.
Great leaders don’t get stuck in negativity. They move on with the plan. I think is this is the main differentiators between average managers and great leaders.
Gaining respect
It is all about respect in dog world. Giving and getting respect. Dog packs have clear picking orders. The lower dogs will always try to take the place of the Alfa dog. The Alfa dog will defend his place. It gains respect by setting a defined behaviour. The Alfa dog will be the one who eats first. The Alfa dog will always be the first to step on new premises. And he will clearly watch over these things.
Great leaders will also be very careful in gaining respect. In my opinion was Ghandi a great leader who gained his respect through the behaviour he exhibited. Great leaders will in return cherish this respect by giving respect to others of the team.
Emitting and receiving energy
In a dog pack it is all about energy. It is said that animals and also dogs have a sixth sense. This sixth sense is their receptiveness for energy. A dog will know that there is a thunderstorm coming only from the changed energy in the air.
Great leaders are also aware of the energy and they can handle that energy. I remember pope Jean Paul II in front of thousands of youngsters on a world catholic congress. For more than twenty minutes, there was nothing said in the audience. But you could feel the energy. And Pope Johannes II really played with that energy.
Aggression is a no go
Aggression is not acceptable in the dog pack of Cesar. When a new dog enters the pack, he needs to learn that rule. And that is not always easy. Aggression is a sign of weakness. By adapting to the rule of “No aggression” the dog will grow stronger.
Great Leaders will have to use no aggression to lead their teams. Leaders that use aggression will not last. All dictators come to an end one day. Also between the team members aggression should not be allowed.
The master acts, the dog reacts
When Cesar speaks on his video’s he says: “we rehabilitate dogs and we train people”. Dogs are extremely dependant on the behaviour of their master. The right behaviour of their master can make a happy well balanced dog. But that same master can make of his dogs an aggressive “hit man” just by his behaviour.
Leaders have unlimited influence over their teams by their behaviour. It is not their words but their overall behaviour that is important. Especially when the behaviour does not match the words, it is that behaviour that will have the most influence. Therefore, I believe that leaders lead by walking and not so much by the talking. You could wonder that a manager is not better off getting a dog to learn about leadership than going to all this expensive Leadership Development programs. It would surely be cheaper for the training budget.
In the article “How to Survive A Disaster”, Amanda Riley describes in nice examples how little things can change you life in life threathening moments.
Some learning’s from these stories are also meaningful for corporations improving their performance. Often little things can mean a world of a difference. Mostly those things are counter intuitive. And that’s why they seem obvious but Oh, so difficult to implement.
1.Prepare a plan
Experience shows that effective rescue plans are counter intuitive. A plan will help you to act against your intuition. The best plans are made without stress, when things are obvious and logical. It also gives you time to test your plan. You can call in outside advice to improve your plan. Knowledge is somewhere out there. Have also a plan B. When you are used with the practice of drafting plans, this skill will help you to adapt the plan when needed.
Therefore “scenario planning” is essential for organizations. And it needs to be a continuous process. It is best done when there is no need and everything seems to go well.
2.Build teams
Teams work best when there is a minimum of linking between the members. This will support team members to help each other. In mountaineering my fellow climber stands for my survival. The more I help him, the more I will be helped when needed. Team cohesion is essential for survival.
Organizations depend on their teams and networks. Teams become more global and virtual. Team members hardly ever meet in a world of travel restrictions. In this context it is therefore more difficult to achieve this cohesion. And yet, it is only in a face to face encounter that those connections are made. Teambuilding needs time and a place.
3.Define and attribute roles
The fact that all team members are skilled “first aid helpers” and carry their title, will engage them in helping. It is impressive what just roles do with people. People will tend to act to their roles.
In matrix organizations people have more and different roles. We called it “role inflation”. Roles and responsibilities are diluted. Simple and clear roles help clarity. These roles can change as long as this is communicated and clear for everybody. A simple label with your role can already do miracles. At rock festivals the security people have SECURITY clearly on their hats and T-shirts’. No discussion.
4.Organize Leadership
Not everybody can lead. Leadership does not always need to be the same person. It is a role. And the person in the role needs to know what is expected from him/her in that role. This can be planned, trained and tested. The clearer the roles and leadership the more efficient the team becomes. This is not rocket science, but the price is high when leadership fails.
Leadership can be trained. Some people have more potential than others to take on a leadership role. However, I would prefer a trained leader to a high potential yet untrained leader. What is hidden potential without training and coaching? When we work with teams, we are sometimes surprised to see some people develop into great leaders when the conditions are right.
5.Train, train and train
It sounds boring. But repetition helps us to react without thinking. Specific connections are built in our brain that will engage when we need them. It seems that the body remembers and the brain is shortcut. An example is the musician who plays without thinking.
Training is about skills. Skills improve with repetition. There is no way around it. However it is important that the most effective skills are trained and reinforced. It has absolutely no use to be very efficient in doing the wrong things. Therefore is the planning so important.
6.Focus on the positive
But above everything that is mentioned there needs to be a “will to survive”. When this will to survive is not there, any plan nor skill will help you. A way to build this will to survive is by envisioning a positive outcome. One of the strongest ways to build teams is to let them work with the ideal situation. By focussing on the little positive gains, we are able to coop with the most devastating situations.
It sounds easy and in practice it is also very easy to focus the team on the positive. I think this is the easiest and the most effective intervention that can be done with immediate effect. Also this is a skill that can be learned.
Some simple questions can help you to do a health check:
·Do we have a plan?
·Did we test our plan?
·Do we have an alternative plan?
·Does everybody know his role?
·Is everybody trained for is role?
·Is it clear who will lead when?
·Are the leaders trained to take the lead?
·Did we train our plan?
·What would be the ideal outcome?
·What goes well?
These simple questions can already mean a lifetime differences to teams and organizations. In times of world financial and economic crisis, I think we need to go back to the basics and as us these little questions.
Recent Comments